Mindy Feldkamp and her two colleagues, Oscar Lopez and Lori Melton, are personal trainers at an upscale health spa/resort in Madrid. They want to start a health club that specializes in health plans for people in the 50+ age range. The growing population in this age range and strong consumer interest in the health benefits of physical activity have convinced them they can profitably operate their own club. In addition to many other decisions, they need to determine what type of business organization they want. Oscar believes there are more advantages to the corporate form than a partnership, but he hasn’t yet convinced Mindy and Lori. They have come to you, a small-business consulting specialist, seeking information and advice regarding the choice of starting a partnership versus a corporation.

Instructions
a. Prepare a memo (dated May 26, 2019) that describes the advantages and disadvantages of both partnerships and corporations. Advise Mindy, Oscar, and Lori regarding which organizational form you believe would better serve their purposes. Make sure to include reasons supporting your advice.

After deciding to incorporate, each of the three investors receives 20,000 €2 par ordinary shares on June 12, 2019, in exchange for their co-owned building (€200,000 fair value) and €100,000 total cash they contributed to the business. The next decision that Mindy, Oscar, and Lori need to make is how to obtain financing for renovation and equipment. They understand the difference between equity securities and debt securities, but do not understand the tax, net income, and earnings per share consequences of equity versus debt financing on the future of their business.

b. Prepare notes for a discussion with the three entrepreneurs in which you will compare the consequences of using equity versus debt financing. As part of your notes, show the differences in interest and tax expense assuming €1,400,000 is financed with ordinary shares, and then alternatively with debt. Assume that when ordinary shares are used, 140,000 shares will be issued. When debt is used, assume the interest rate on debt is 9%, the tax rate is 32%, and income before interest and taxes is €300,000. (You may want to use an electronic spreadsheet.)

During the discussion about financing, Lori mentions that one of her clients, Roberto Marino, has approached her about buying a significant interest in the new club. Having an interested investor sways the three to issue equity securities to provide the financing they need. On July 21, 2019, Mr. Marino buys 90,000 shares at a price of €10 per share.

The club, LifePath Fitness, opens on January 12, 2020, and after a slow start begins to produce the revenue desired by the owners. The owners decide to pay themselves a share dividend since cash has been less than abundant since they opened their doors. The 10% share dividend is declared by the owners on July 27, 2020. The market price of the shares is €3 on the declaration date. The date of record is July 31, 2020 (there have been no changes in share ownership since the initial issuance), and the issue date is August 15, 2020. By the middle of the fourth quarter of 2020, the cash fl ow of LifePath Fitness has improved to the point that the owners feel ready to pay themselves a cash dividend. They declare a €0.05 cash dividend per share on December 4, 2020. The record date is December 14, 2020, and the payment date is December 24, 2020.

c. (1) Record all of the transactions related to the ordinary shares of LifePath Fitness during the years 2019 and 2020. (2) Indicate how many shares are issued and outstanding after the share dividend is issued.

Part IV Since the club opened, a major concern has been the pool facilities. Although the existing pool is adequate, Mindy, Oscar, and Lori all desire to make LifePath a cutting-edge facility. Until the end of 2020, financing concerns prevented this improvement. However, because there has been steady growth in clientele, revenue, and income since the third quarter of 2020, the owners have explored possible financing options. They are hesitant to issue shares and change the ownership mix because they have been able to work together as a team with great effectiveness. They have formulated a plan to issue secured term bonds to raise the needed €600,000 for the pool facilities. By the end of December 2020, everything was in place for the bond issue to go ahead. On January 1, 2021, the €600,000 face value of bonds were issued for €548,000. The bonds pay annual interest of 6% on January 1 of each year. The bonds mature in 10 years, and amortization is computed using the straight-line method.

d. Record (1) the issuance of the secured bonds, (2) the adjusting entry required on December 31, 2021, (3) the interest payment made on January 1, 2022, and (4) the interest accrual on December 31, 2022.