Consider the following list of products. Categorize each along all three dimensions of innovation, if possible (radical versus incremental, technical versus managerial, and product versus process).

Explain your answers.

• Teaching college courses by digitally recording the instructor and then making the digital file available online • The rise in popularity of virtual organizations (discussed in Chapter 6)
• Checking the security of packages on airlines with the type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning devices that are common in health care • Smartphone devices such as the iPhone • Robotic arms that can perform surgery that is too precise for a human surgeon’s hands • Hybrid automobiles, which run on both batteries and gasoline • Using video games to teach soldiers how to plan and execute battles