122 English as a second language reading ability. Refer to the Bilingual Research Journal (Summer 2006) study of the relationship of Spanish (first-language) grammatical knowledge to English (second-language) reading, presented in Exercise 54 . Recall that each in a sample of n = 55 native Spanish-speaking adults took four standardized exams: Spanish grammar (SG), Spanish reading,

(SR), English grammar (EG), and English reading

(ESLR). Simple linear regressions were used to model the ESLR score ( y ) as a function of each of the other exam scores ( x ). The coefficient of determination, r2, for each model is listed in the accompanying table. Give a practical interpretation of each of these values

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Independent Variable (x) SG score SR score EG score r2 .002 .099 .078