According to one study, deception is an important strategy in dating relationships. "If one does not honestly possess the desired characteristics to attract a mate, one must portray the image that he/she . . . has these qualities. This . . . may require some skill in deception" (Benz, Anderson, \& Miller, 2005, p. 306). Do people believe men use deception more in presenting their financial situation (i.e., how much money they make) or their physical appearance (i.e., type of clothing worn)? This study hypothesized that women are more likely than men to believe that men use deception more often regarding their financial situation than their physical appearance. The contingency table of the two types of deception for the male and female respondents is presented below:

Use these data to address the question of whether men and women differ in their beliefs regarding men's deception.

a. Draw a bar chart of the data.

b. State the null and alternative hypotheses \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{0}\right.\) and \(\left.\mathrm{H}_{1}\right)\).

c. Make a decision about the null hypothesis.
(1) Calculate the degrees of freedom \((d f)\).
(2) Set alpha ( \(\alpha\) ), identify the critical value, and state a decision rule.
(3) Calculate a statistic: chi-square \(\left(\chi^{2}\right)\).
(4) Make a decision whether to reject the null hypothesis.
(5) Determine the level of significance.
(6) Calculate a measure of effect size (Cramér's \(\phi\) ).

d. Draw a conclusion from the analysis.

e. Relate the result of the analysis to the research hypothesis.

Transcribed Image Text:

Type of Deception Used by Men Financial Physical Total Man 20 9 29 Sex 69.0% 31.0% 100% Woman 54 7 61 88.5% 11.5% 100% Total 74 16 90