For each of the following situations, state the two competing hypotheses to be tested using words rather than mathematical symbols or formulas.

a. Students who are taught effective learning skills will perform better on tests than students offered incentives to do well.

b. Increased use of Internet bulletin boards is associated with lower levels of television viewing.

c. Violent behavior in children may be reduced by teaching them conflict resolution skills.

d. The higher a person scores on the Graduate Management Admissions Test, the more likely the person is to succeed in graduate business school.

e. The more time children spend watching television, the more they will express a preference for unhealthy foods.