As discussed in Are You Wondering 11-1, the sp hybrid orbitals are algebraic combinations of the s and p orbitals. The required combinations of 2s and 2p orbitals are

(a) By combining the appropriate functions given in Table 8.2, construct a polar plot in the manner of Figure 8-24 for each of the above functions in the xz plane. In a polar plot, the value of r/a₀ is set at a fixed value. Describe the shapes and phases of the different portions of the hybrid orbitals, and compare them with those shown in Figure 11-12.

(b) Convince yourself that the combinations employing the 2p_x or 2p_y orbital also give similar hybrid orbitals but pointing in different directions.

(c) The combinations for the sp² hybrids in the xy plane are 

By constructing polar plots (in the xy plane), show that these functions correspond to the sp² hybrids depicted in Figure 11-10.

Table 8.2

Figure 8-24

Figure 11-12

Figure 11-10

Transcribed Image Text:

$1(sp): √14 (25) [4(2s) +(2pz)] 1 42(sp) = [4 (25) — 4 (2p₂)] -