Question:
In Example 13-3, we dealt with ΔvapH° and ΔvapS° for water at 100 °C.
(a) Use data from Appendix D to determine values for these two quantities at 25 °C.
(b) From your knowledge of the structure of liquid water, explain the differences in ΔvapH° values and in ΔvapS° values between 25 °C and 100 °C.
Example 13-3
What is the standard molar entropy change for the vaporization of water at 373 K given that the standard molar enthalpy of vaporization is 40.7 kJ mol-1 at this temperature?
Transcribed Image Text:
TABLE D.1 Ground-State Electron Configurations
Element Configuration Z
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
24
25
HIGÅ LUZONS JY E> 0 1 2 3 2 3 5 3 3 2 2 5 2
27
Η
15 P
He
29
Li
30
Be
31
B
32
C
33
F
Ne
Na
20 Ca
Mg
21 Sc
Al
22 Ti
Si
23 V
CI
Ar
K
26 Fe
28 Ni
Cr
Mn
Co
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
34 Se
35 Br
36 Kr
1s¹
1s²
[He] 2s¹
[He] 2s2
[He] 2s²2p¹
[He] 2s²2p²
[He] 2s²2p³
[He] 2s22p4
[HE] 2s²2p5
[He] 2s²2p6
[Ne] 3s¹
[Ne] 3s2
[Ne] 3s 3p¹
[Ne] 3s23p²
[Ne] 3s²3p³
[Ne] 3s23p4
[Ne] 3s²3p5
[Ne] 3s 3p6
[Ar] 4s¹
[Ar] 4s²
[Ar]3d¹4s²
[Ar]3d²4s²
[Ar] 3d³4s²
[Ar] 3d54s¹
[Ar] 3d³4s²
[Ar]3d64s²
[Ar] 3d²4s²
[Ar] 3d845²
[Ar] 3d¹04s¹
[Ar] 3d¹04s2
[Ar]3d¹04s²4p¹
[Ar]3d¹04s²4p4 70
71
[Ar] 3d¹04s²4p5
Element
37 Rb
38
Sr
39
Y
40
Zr
41 Nb
42
Mo
43
Tc
44
Ru
45 Rh
46
Pd
47
Ag
48
Cd
49
In
50
Sn
51 Sb
Te
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65 Tb
66
67
Dy
Ho
Er
[Ar] 3d¹04s²4p² 68
[Ar] 3d¹04s²4p³ 69 Tm
Yb
Lu
[Ar] 3d¹04s²4p6
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Configuration Z
[Kr] 5s¹
[Kr] 5s²
[Kr] 4d¹5s²
[Kr] 4d²5s²
[kr] 4d45s¹
[kr] 4d55s¹
[kr] 4d55s²
[Kr] 4d75s¹
[Kr] 4d85s1
[Kr] 4d10
[Kr] 4d105s1
[kr] 4d¹05s²
[kr] 4d¹05s²5p¹
[kr] 4d¹05s25p²
[kr] 4d¹05s²5p³
[kr] 4d¹05s25p4
[Xe] 6s²
[Xe] 5d¹6s²
[Xe] 4f²6s²
[Xe] 4f³6s²
[Xe] 4f46s2
[Xe] 4f6s2
[Xe] 4f6s2
[Xe] 4f²6s²
[Xe] 4f75d¹6s²
[Xe] 4f%s2
[Xe] 4f106s2
[Xe] 4f¹¹6s²
NRNKERKR
[Xe] 4f126s2
[Xe] 4f136s2
[Xe] 4f146s2
[Xe] 4f¹45d¹6s²
72
Hf
73 Ta
W
74
75
Re
76 Os
77
Element
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87 Fr
[kr] 4d¹05s²5p5 88 Ra
[Kr] 4d¹05s²5p6
89
Ac
[Xe] 6s¹
90
Th
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
TI
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
100
Fm
101 Md
102 No
103 Lr
104 Rf
105
Db
106
Sg
Configuration
[Xe] 4f¹45d²6s²
[Xe] 4f145d³6s²
[Xe] 4f145d46s2
[Xe] 4f145d56s2
[Xe] 4f145d6s2
[Xe] 4f¹45d²6s²
[Xe] 4f¹45dº6s¹
[Xe] 4f145d106s1
[Xe] 4f145d106s2
[Xe] 4f145d6s26p*
[Xe] 4f145d106s36p?
[Xe] 4f145d16s?6p3
[Xe] 4f145d6s®6p*
[Xe] 4f145d16s26p5
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p6
[Rn] 7s¹
[Rn] 7s²
[Rn] 6d¹7s²
[Rn] 6d²7s²
[Rn] 5f26d¹7s²
[Rn] 5f³6d¹7s²
[Rn] 5f46d¹7s2
[Rn] 5f67s²
[Rn] 5f77s²
[Rn] 5f76d¹7s²
[Rn] 5f97s2
[Rn] 5f107,2
[Rn] 5f117s2
[Rn] 5f¹27s²
[Rn] 5f137,2
[Rn] 5f147s2
Rn] 5f¹46d¹7s²
[Rn] 5f¹46d²7s²
[Rn] 5f¹46d³7s2
[Rn] 5f¹46d¹7s²