4. Jamal was eating a hotdog on a Ferris wheel, and while on the ride Jamal became ill from motion sickness. Afterward, Jamal developed a conditioned taste aversion to hotdogs. Jamal’s story best illustrates the fact that classically conditioned taste aversions can be learned even when there is a lack of .

a. contingency

b. contiguity

c. both a and b

d. None of the above