There are two independent variables in Furnham and Malik’s study with two levels each: culture (British versus Asian)

and age (middle-aged versus young). This means that the study followed a 2x2 design. Note, however, that the study is quasi-experimental: researchers did not randomly allocate participants to the groups, which limits our ability to make cause-and-eect inferences from the study ndings.

1. Name the dependent variables and how they were operationalized.

2. Describe the interaction between two independent variables. Use this format: “A report less depression and use more collectivistic explanations of the illness than B, but only if A are _____ (younger/older)”.

3. Which of the three potential explanations for the fact that British Asians are rarely diagnosed with depression is best supported by the results of Furnham and Malik’s study? Why?