The normal way to collect fees from travelers on expressways is to use tollbooths. Automatic coin-collecting baskets can expedite the process, but do not eliminate the long waiting lines during rush hours. About 80 percent of the travelers are frequent users of the expressways near their homes. The money collection process on some highways has been reengineered by using smart cards that can be scanned. Lately, further improvement has been made. The smart ID cards can be read wirelessly from 30–40 feet, so cars do not have to stop. Fees are charge to travelers’ accounts, which reduces travelers’ waiting time by 90 percent and money processing cost by 80 percent. (See details in Chapter 6.)

a. Identify the supply chain.

b. Several new information technologies including smart cards are used in the process. Find information on how this is accomplished.