Neopost SA is a French company operating mainly in Europe and the United States that sells and leases mailroom equipment. In accordance with IFRS, the company capitalizes development costs when certain criteria are met. The company reported the following amounts for sales and income in the consolidated income statements (in millions of euros):

The following note related to intangible assets was extracted from the company’s annual report (in millions of euros).

Required:     

a. Estimate the average expected useful life for development costs for the years ended January 31, 2009, and January 31, 2010.     

b. Calculate income before tax and net income for the years ended January 31, 2009, and 2010 assuming that Neopost was not able to recognize development costs as an intangible asset.

c. Determine the net profit margin (Net income/Sales) for the years ended January 31, 2009, and 2010 using (1) actual reported amounts and (2) the amount calculated in part ( b ). 

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Year ended 31 January Sales Income before tax Income taxes. Net income 2010 913.1 204.9 (57.0) 147.9 2009 918.1 214.8 (57.9) 156.9