Suppose that a river rafting company starts a group on a social networking site for promoting rafting trips.

Graham, a 15-year-old high school student who wants to be more grown-up than he is, posts a picture of a handsome 22-year-old male as a picture of himself. He also writes witty and clever comments on the site and claims to play the guitar and be an accomplished masseuse. Suppose someone decided to go on the rafting trip in part because of Graham’s postings and was disappointed with the truth about Graham.

a. Are Graham’s actions ethical? Consider both the categorical imperative (page 48) and utilitarianism

(page 68) perspectives.

b. According to either ethical perspective, does the rafting company have an ethical responsibility to refund that person’s fees?