Butadiene can be prepared by the gas-phase catalytic dehydrogenation of 1-butene: C₄H₈ ⇆ C₄H₆ + H₂. In order to suppress side reactions, the butene is diluted with steam before it passes into the reactor.

(a) Estimate the temperature at which the reactor must be operated in order to convert 30% of the 1-butene to 1,3-butadiene at a reactor pressure of 2 bar from a feed consisting of 12 mol of steam per mole of 1-butene.

(b) If the initial mixture consists of 50 mol% steam and 50 mol% 1-butene, how will the required temperature be affected?

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AGf (kJ/gmol) 1.3-Butadiene 1-Butene AG I 600 K 195.73 150.92 44.81 700 K 211.71 178.78 32.93 800 K 227.94 206.89 21.05 900 K 244.35 235.35 9.00