The Fed sometimes acts as a lender of last resort. This means that 

a. Individuals can borrow from the Fed when the president declares a national disaster. 

b. Individuals can try to borrow money from the Fed if they are unable to borrow from a bank. 

c. Banks can go to the Fed to borrow money in order to purchase more government bonds. 

d. Banks can go to the Fed to borrow reserves to meet their obligations to depositors. 

e. Business firms can try to borrow money from the Fed if they are unable to borrow from a bank.