The accompanying data on degree of spirituality for samples of natural and social scientists at research universities as well as for a sample of non-academics with graduate degrees appeared in the article “Conflict Between Religion and Science Among Academic Scientists” (J. for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2009: 276–292).

Degree of Spirituality Very Moderate Slightly Not at all N.S. 56 162 198 211 S.S. 56 223 243 239 G.D. 109 164 74 28

a. Is there substantial evidence for concluding that the three types of individuals are not homogenous with respect to their degree of spirituality? State and test the appropriate hypotheses.

b. Considering just the natural scientists and social scientists, is there evidence for non-homogeneity? Base your conclusion on a P-value.