Recall Exercise 1.3.31 about GY and blindsight. To test GY’s awareness of whether he correctly identified whether the square was present or not, they had him wager on whether or not he thought he was correct after he made his choice. He had to bet either a British pound or half a pound on whether his guess was correct. If he was correct, that amount was added to his earnings, and if he was not correct, that amount was subtracted. So, he should make the high wager when he was more confident in his choice. In the 141 times he correctly identified whether the square was present or not, he made the high wager 67 times. When he has made a correct choice, let’s find out if GY is more likely to make the high wager than the small wager (and thus have some real conscious awareness of the object being present or not) by answering (a)–(f). 

a. State the hypotheses in words and in symbols. 

b. Using the One Proportion applet, construct an appropriate null distribution. What statistic is represented in the null distribution, and what is the standard deviation of this null distribution? 

c. Calculate and report the value of the standardized statistic. 

d. Based on the standardized statistic is there strong evidence that GY is more likely than random chance to make a high wager when he makes a correct identification? Explain how you are determining this. 

e. Using the applet, find a p-value. Does the p-value lead you to the same conclusion as the standardized statistic did? Explain. 

f. Based on the statistic from this test (67/141) how can you determine that you will get a very large p-value without even developing a null distribution?

Data from Exercises 1.3.31

Blindsight is a condition in which people are blind but can still respond to things they cannot consciously see. A patient (who had suffered brain damage and whom researchers Persaud et al. called GY in Nature Neuroscience) was right-side blind, meaning he could not see anything in his right field of vision. But could GY still “see” objects in his right field of vision even though he has no conscious perception of the objects? Researchers tested GY on this by having him face a video monitor where they would run trials by sometimes having a square appear on the right side of the monitor and sometimes not. In 200 trials, GY correctly determined whether the square appeared or not 141 times. To determine if GY is more likely than random chance to correctly identify whether or not the square was present answer (a)–(e).