Student researchers were interested in whether people will be more likely to choose the name-brand cookie (Chips Ahoy) over the store-brand (Chipsters) in a blind taste test. They tested this with 20 subjects and found that 14 (70%) chose Chips Ahoy as their favorite. They conducted a test of significance using simulation and got the null distribution shown. (Note that this null distribution uses only 100 simulated samples and not the usual 1,000 or 10,000.) We will let π represent the long-run proportion of students that pick Chips Ahoy as their favorite.

a. What are the null and alternative hypotheses in symbols for the research question, “Do a majority of students prefer Chips Ahoy over Chipsters?” 

b. Using the null distribution shown, what is the p-value when testing the hypotheses in part (a)? 

c. If the research question is “Do students have a preference between Chips Ahoy and Chipsters?” what are the null and alternative hypotheses in symbols?  

d. Using the null distribution shown, what is the p-value when testing the hypotheses in part (c)

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Probability of heads: Number of tosses: Number of repetitions: Animate Draw Samples Total = 100 O Number of heads Proportion of heads | Mean = 0.500 18 SD = 0.108 12 6 0.5 20 100 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 Proportion of heads 0.80 0.90