Transatlantic Trends is an annual survey of American and European public opinion (see www.transatlantictrends.org), with a random sam- ple of about 1000 adults from each of 13 European countries each year. In 2002, 38% of Euro- peans expressed a positive attitude about President George W. Bush's handling of international affairs. In 2006, 18% expressed a positive attitude.

(a) Explain what it would mean for these results to be based on

(a) independent samples,

(b) dependent samples.

(b) If we compare results in 2002 and 2006, iden- tify the response variable and the explanatory variable, and specify whether the response variable is quantitative or categorical.