Up until now, you’ve been drawing first a Lewis dot diagram (two-dimensional, shows lone electron pairs) and then a separate diagram showing molecule shape (three-dimensional, no lone pairs shown). Now begin combining the two, drawing one structure showing both threedimensional shape and all lone pairs. Draw such a structure for each of the following polyatomic ions. Name each shape, and indicate whether the ion has an overall dipole moment. If so, draw the dipole moment vector.

(a) CN^–

(b) ClO₄^–

(c) PCl₄⁺ 

(d) NO₂