Based on the general trends in the periodic table, predict which element in each of the following pairs has the higher ionization energy:

(a) Na or Mg 

(b) O or S.

Periodic Table:

 

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2 3 4 15 6 7 3 11 Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 1 IA 37 R Rb 55 4 87 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 K Ca Sc 39.10 40.08 44.96 Mg 24.31 20 38 21 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 3 IIIB 88 39 57 56 Cs La Ba 132.91 137.33 138.91 89 Fr Ra Ac (223) (226) (227) Atomic number Symbol Atomic mass 4 IVB 22 Ti 47.88 40 Zr 2 91.22 72 5 VB 104 23 V 50.94 41 73 Hf Ta 178.49 180.95 105 Rf Db (261) (262) -H -1.01 6 VIB Nb Mo 92.91 95.95 90 24 Cr 52.00 42 74 106 Sg (263) 58 Pr Ce 140.12 140.91 91 59 7 VIIB Th Pa 232.04 (231) 25 W Re 183.85 186.21 Mn 54.94 43. Tc (99) 75 107 Bh (262) 60 Nd 144.24 92 U 238.03 8 VIII 26 Fe 55.85 76 Os 190.2 61 Pm (147) 93 NP 9 VIII (237) 10 VIII 11 IB 12 IIB 27 28 29 Zn Co Ni Cu 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 44 47 48 49 45 46 Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 77 78 80 Ir Pt 192.22 195.08 109 110 Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn (265) (266) (271) (272) (277) 79 Au Hg 196.97 200.59 111 112 108 30 5 13 ΠΙΑ B 10.81 13 6 14 15 IVA с 12.01 14 81 82 TI Pb 204.38 207.2 113 114 Nh Fl (286) (285) 17 16 VA VIA VILA 66 67 62 63 64 65 Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho 150.36 151.97 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 99 94 95 96 97 Pu Am Cm Bk (244) (243) (247) (247) 7 N 14.01 15 Al Si 31 34 26.98 28.09 32 33 Ga Ge As Se 69.72 72.63 74.92 78.97 50 51 52 Sn Sb Te I 118.71 121.75 127.60 126.90 53 P 30.97 8 O 16.00 68 16 98 167.26 100 Cf Es Fm (251) (252) (257) 9 F 19.00 17 Cl 35.45 S 32.07 35 83 84 85 Bi Po At 208.98 (209) (210) 115 116 117 Mc Lv Ts (289) (293) (294) Br 79.90 69 70 Er Tm Yb 168.93 173.04 101 102 Md No (258) (259) 18 VIIIA 2 He 4.00 10 Ne 20.18 18 Ar 39,95 36 Kr 83.80 54 Xe 131.29 86 Rn (222) 118 Og (294) 71 Lu 174.97 103 Lr (260)