The following table shows the total population and the number of deaths (in thousands) due to heart attack for two age groups (in years) in Countries A and B for 2015.

a. Calculate the death rate due to heart attack per 1000 population for the 30 years and under age group for each of the two countries. Which country has the lower death rate in this age group?
b. Calculate the death rates due to heart attack per 1000 population for the 31 years and over age group for each of the two countries. Which country has the lower death rate in this age group?
c. Calculate the death rate due to heart attack for the entire population of Country A; then do the same for Country B. Which country has the lower overall death rate?
d. How can the country with lower death rate in both age groups have the higher overall death rate? (This phenomenon is known as Simpson’s paradox.)

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Age 31 and Over Age 30 and Under A B A B 25,000 20,000 40,000 Population Deaths due to heart attack 35,000 1000 500 2000 3000