Few things are more irritating than a dripping tap. Taps drip because the rubber washer is worn or the brass seat is pitted by corrosion, or both. Ceramics have good wear resistance, and they have excellent corrosion resistance in both pure and salt water. Many household taps now use ceramic valves.

a. List the function and constraints, leave the objective blank and enter 'Choice of process' for the free variable.

b. Use the charts of Figs. 7.3, 7.4 and 7.6 to identify processes to shape the casing.

Data From Fig, 7.3

Data From Fig, 7.4

Data From Fig, 7.6

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Metals, ferrous Metals, nonferrous Ceramics Glasses Elastomers Thermoplastics Thermosets Polymer foams Composites Sand casting Die casting Investment casting Centrifugal casting Forging Extrusion Sheet forming Powder methods Electro-machining Machining Injection moulding Blow moulding Compression moulding Rotational moulding Thermo-forming Polymer casting Resin-transfer moulding Filament winding Lay-up methods Vacuum bag Additive manufacture 0 0 0 0 0 Shaping