Are the workings of the free market likely to encourage or discourage discrimination in the following examples?
a. The musical director of a symphony orchestra that records but never performs in front of an audience refuses to hire female musicians.
b. In apartheid South Africa (where racial discrimination was legal and popular among white voters for many decades), a white business owner refuses to hire black candidates to work in management positions dealing with white customers.
c. In a Martian culture in which blue hair is considered the most beautiful, a Martian modeling agency preferentially hires blue-haired models.