39. Which of the following is false?

a. If people can anticipate the plans of policymakers and alter their behavior quickly, their behavior could neutralize the intended impact of government action on real GDP.

b. The theory of rational expectations leads to optimistic conclusions regarding macroeconomic policy’s ability to achieve its intended economic goals.

c. Rational expectations economists believe that wages and prices are flexible, and that workers and consumers incorporate the likely consequences of government policy changes quickly into their expectations.

d. Catching consumers and businesspeople off-guard with macroeconomic policy changes gets harder the more you try to do it.

e. None of the above is false; all are true.