1.8 In 2015, the European Commission charged six U.S.

studios and a U.K. pay television company, Sky UK, with unfairly blocking access to films and other content.

The charges challenge the studios’ requirement under contracts that Sky UK block access for consumers outside Britain and Ireland. (Kanter, James, and Mark Scott, “E.U. Opens Antitrust Case Against Major U.S. Studios and Sky UK,” New York Times, July 23, 2015.) The studios have separate contracts with broadcasters in other countries. Why do the studios want such restrictions?