Below is an excerpt of an abstract from a published meta-analysis by Lindberg, Hyde, Petersen, and Linn (2010). Use this excerpt to describe what is done in each of the four steps of meta-analysis.

In this article, we use meta-analysis to analyze gender differences in recent studies of mathematics performance. First, we meta-analyzed data from 242 studies published between 1990 and 2007, representing the testing of 1,286,350 people. Overall, d = 0.05, indicating no gender difference, and variance ratio = 1.08, indicating nearly equal male and female variances…. These findings support the view that males and females perform similarly in mathematics.