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Questions and Answers of
Mathematics Economics Business
Let us return to Example 2, the tossing of a nickel and a dime, and the sample spaceSince there are 4 simple outcomes and the coins are assumed to be fair, it would appear that each outcome would
Find the average (mean) of the exam scores in Problem 2, if 3 points are subtracted from each score.Data from Problem 2Find the average (mean) of the exam scores 78, 64, 97, 60, 86, and 83.
A shipment of 45 precision parts, including 9 that are defective, is sent to an assembly plant. The quality control division selects 10 at random for testing and rejects the entire shipment if 1 or
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from a box containing 4 red and 2 white balls. What is the probability of drawing a red ball on the second draw?
A shipment of 40 precision parts, including 8 that are defective, is sent to an assembly plant. The quality control division selects 10 at random for testing and rejects the entire shipment if 1 or
Suppose in Example 4 that after flipping the nickel and dime 1,000 times, we find that HH turns up 273 times, HT turns up 206 times, TH turns up 312 times, and TT turns up 209 times. On the basis of
Suppose you are interested in insuring a car video system for $2,000 against theft. An insurance company charges a premium of $225 for coverage for 1 year, claiming an empirically determined
Find the expected value in Example 4 from the insurance company’s point of view.Data from Example 4Suppose you are interested in insuring a car video system for $2,000 against theft. An insurance
An auto company A subcontracts the manufacturing of its onboard computers to two companies: 40% to company B and 60% to company C. Company B in turn subcontracts 70% of the orders it receives from
Find the average (mean) of the exam scores in Problem 1, if each score is multiplied by 2.Data from Problem 1Find the average (mean) of the exam scores 73, 89, 45, 82, and 66.
In Example 5, what is the probability that a given onboard computer came from company E or C?Data from Example 5An auto company A subcontracts the manufacturing of its onboard computers to two
Let us again consider rolling two dice, and assume that each simple event in the sample space shown in Figure 2 (page 398) is as likely as any other. Find the probabilities of the following
Use equation (3) to evaluate P(E) for n = 4.Equation 3 P(E) = 1 P(E') = 1 – 365! 365" (365 - n)! (3)
In a group of n people, what is the probability that at least 2 people have the same birthday (same month and day, excluding February 29)? Make a guess for a class of 40 people, and check your guess
Under the conditions in Example 5, find the probabilities of the following events (each event refers to the sum of the dots facing up on both dice):(A) E5 = a sum of 5 turns up(B) E6 = a sum that is
An outdoor concert featuring a popular musical group is scheduled for a Sunday afternoon in a large open stadium. The promoter, worrying about being rained out, contacts a long-range weather
In Example 5, what is the insurance company’s expected value if it writes the policy?Data from Example 5An outdoor concert featuring a popular musical group is scheduled for a Sunday afternoon in a
In two tosses of a single fair coin, show that the events “A head on the first toss” and “A head on the second toss” are independent.
Find the average (mean) of the exam scores in Problem 2, if each score is divided by 2.Data from Problem 2Find the average (mean) of the exam scores 78, 64, 97, 60, 86, and 83.
If A and B are events in a sample space S and P(A) = .3, P(B) = .4, and P(A ∩ B) = .1, find(A) P(A′)(B) P(A ∪ B)
In Example 6, compute P(B|A) and compare with P(B).Data from Example 6In two tosses of a single fair coin, show that the events “A head on the first toss” and “A head on the second toss” are
(A) What are the odds for rolling a sum of 7 in a single roll of two fair dice?(B) If you bet $1 on rolling a sum of 7, what should the house pay (plus returning your $1 bet) if you roll a sum of 7
(A) What are the odds for rolling a sum of 8 in a single roll of two fair dice?(B) If you bet $5 that a sum of 8 will turn up, what should the house pay (plus returning your $5 bet) if a sum of 8
Use the graphing calculator output in Figure 4B to determine the empirical probabilities of the following events, and compare with the theoretical probabilities:(A) E3 = a sum less than 4 turns up(B)
Use output from the random number feature of a graphing calculator to simulate 100 rolls of two dice. Determine the empirical probabilities of the following events, and compare with the theoretical
A single card is drawn from a standard 52-card deck. Test the following events for independence (try guessing the answer to each part before looking at the solution):(A) E = the drawn card is a
A circular spinner is divided into 15 sectors of equal area: 6 red sectors, 5 blue, 3 yellow, and 1 green. In Problem consider the experiment of spinning the spinner once. Find the probability that
A single card is drawn from a standard 52-card deck. Test the following events for independence:(A) E = the drawn card is a red card F = the drawn card’s number is divisible by 5 (face cards are
If in repeated rolls of two fair dice, the odds against rolling a 6 before rolling a 7 are 6 to 5, then what is the probability of rolling a 6 before rolling a 7?
In drawing 5 cards from a 52-card deck without replacement, what is the probability of getting 5 spades?
In drawing 7 cards from a 52-card deck without replacement, what is the probability of getting 7 hearts?
A space shuttle has four independent computer control systems. If the probability of failure (during flight) of any one system is .001, what is the probability of failure of all four systems?
A circular spinner is divided into 15 sectors of equal area: 6 red sectors, 5 blue, 3 yellow, and 1 green. In Problem consider the experiment of spinning the spinner once. Find the probability that
If in repeated rolls of two fair dice the odds for rolling a sum of 8 before rolling a sum of 7 are 5 to 6, then what is the probability of rolling a sum of 8 before rolling a sum of 7?
A single die is rolled 6 times. What is the probability of getting the sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6?
From a survey of 1,000 people in Springfield, it was found that 500 people had tried a certain brand of diet cola, 600 had tried a certain brand of regular cola, and 200 had tried both types of cola.
In Problem solve each equation for x, where x represents a real number5x = –3
Repeat Example 4 forData from Example 4A company that manufactures computers has established that, on the average, a new employee can assemble N(t) components per day after t days of on-the-job
Add: 3 - 1 0 2 -1 3 + -2 1 2 3 -1 -2
Find x to four decimal places, given the indicated logarithm:(A) ln x = –5.062 (B) log x = 2.0821
Refer to the following matrices:How many elements are there in A? In C? 2 -4 0 A=8 19 6 -5 B = D -19 0 8 7 2 4 0 C = [2 -3 0] || -4 ∞
Given an n × n matrix A and n × 1 column matrices B and X, solve AX = B for X. Assume that all necessary inverses exist.
The only real number solutions to the equation x2 = 1 are x = 1 and x = –1(A) Show thatsatisfies A2 = I, where I is the 2 × 2 identity.(B) Show thatsatisfies B2 = I.(C) Find a 2 × 2 matrix with
Solve by graphing and check:2x – y = –3x + 2y = –4
Given an n × n matrix A and n × 1 column matrices B, C, and X, solve AX + C = B for X. Assume that all necessary inverses exist.
The summary following the solution of Example 1 shows five augmented matrices. Write the linear system that each matrix represents, solve each system graphically, and discuss the relationships among
Explain why the definition of reduced form ensures that each leftmost variable in a reduced system appears in one and only one equation and no equation contains more than one leftmost variable.
If equations (2) and (3) are valid for an economy with n industries, discuss the size of all the matrices in each equation. Equations X = MX + D (2)
In addition to the commutative and zero properties, there are other significant differences between real number multiplication and matrix multiplication.(A) In real number multiplication, the only
In Problem find the additive inverse and the multiplicative inverse, if defined, of each real number.(A) 4 (B) –3 (C) 0
The matrices below are not in reduced form. Indicate which condition in the definition is violated for each matrix. State the row operation(s) required to transform the matrix into reduced form, and
Refer to the mathematical model in Example 4:(A) Does matrix equation (3) always have a solution for any constant matrix B?(B) Do all these solutions make sense for the original problem? If not, give
An economy is based on three sectors, coal, oil, and transportation. Production of a dollar’s worth of coal requires an input of $0.20 from the coal sector and $0.40 from the transportation sector.
In Problem solve each equation for x, where x represents a real number.x = 3x + 6
In Problem write the augmented matrix of the system of linear equations.x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 12x1 + 7x2 – 5x3 = 15
Multiply: (A) (B) 1 0 0 ¡13 1 0 0 0 -3 5 7 0 0 1 0 1 4 3 6 2 -5 8 and and 2 5 0 [1] 4 2 3 -5 6 8 -3 7 0 1 0 0 9] 1
The following matrices are not in reduced form. Indicate which condition in the definition is violated for each matrix. State the row operation(s) required to transform the matrix into reduced form,
Repeat Example 4 if the gem cutter works at least 8 hours a day and all other data remain the same.Data from Example 4A small jewelry manufacturer hires a highly skilled gem cutter to work at least 6
Refer to Table 5. For the basic solution (x1, x2, s1, s2, s3) = (36, 0, 36, 9, 0) in row 7 of Table 5, classify the variables as basic or nonbasic. Table 5 The Table
Repeat Example 4 if the shipping charge from plant A to outlet I is increased to $7 and the shipping charge from plant B to outlet II is decreased to $3.Data from Example 4A computer manufacturing
A small jewelry manufacturer hires a highly skilled gem cutter to work at least 6 hours per day. On the other hand, the polishing facilities can be used for at most 10 hours per day. The company
Refer to the partially completed table of the six basic solutions to the e-systemWhich of the six basic solutions are feasible? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) 2x1 + 5x2 + S₁ = 32 x₁ + 2x₂ + $₂ =
Evaluate the expression.In how many ways can two variables be chosen from x1, x2, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5 and assigned the value 0?
A linear programming problem has 6 decision variables and 3 problem constraints. How many rows are there in the table of basic solutions of the corresponding e-system?
Evaluate the expression.In how many ways can three variables be chosen from x1, x2, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, and assigned the value 0?
Solve by the big M method. Minimize C = 10x₁ + 12x2 + 28x3 subject to 4x₁ + 2x₂ + 3x3 = 20 3x1 x2 - 4x3 ≤ 10 - х1, х2, X3 = 0
In Problem solve the given linear programming problem using the table method. Maximize subject to P = 4x₁ + 7x₂ 3x₁ + 8x₂ = 24 X1, X₂0
Suppose that the refinery in Example 5 has 35,000 barrels of component A, which costs $25 a barrel, and 15,000 barrels of component B, which costs $35 a barrel. If all other data remain the same,
Refer to the partially completed table of the six basic solutions to the e-systemDescribe geometrically the set of points in the plane such that s1 (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) 2x1 + 5x2 + S₁ = 32 x₁
A refinery produces two grades of gasoline, regular and premium, by blending together two components, A and B. Component A has an octane rating of 90 and costs $28 a barrel. Component B has an octane
Refer to the partially completed table of the six basic solutions to the e-systemUse the basic feasible solutions to maximize P = 50x1 + 60x2. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) 2x1 + 5x2 + S₁ = 32 x₁ +
In Problems evaluate the expression.In how many ways can three variables be chosen from x1, x2, x3, s1, s2, s3 and assigned the value 0?
Solve the linear programming Problem. Maximize subject to X₁- X₁ P = 5x₁ + 3x₂ 3x3 X2 - 2x3 = 3 - 2x₁ + 2x₂5x3 ≤ 10 X1, X2, X3 0
In Problems evaluate the expression.In how many ways can four variables be chosen from x1, x2, x3, x4, s1, s2, s3, s4 and assigned the value 0?
Solve the linear programming Problem. Maximize subject to P = 5x₁ + 3x₂ 3x3 x₁ - x2 - 2x3 = 3 x₁ + x₂ ≤ 5 X1, X2, X30
Solve by the big M method. Minimize C= 10x₁ subject to x₁ + 3x₂ 40x₂ - 5x3 ≤6 4x2 + x3 = 3 X1, X2, X30
Solve the linear programming problem using the table method: Maximize P = 10x₁ + 7x2 + 8x3 subject to 2x₁ + x₂ + 3x3 ≤ 12 X1, X₂ = 0
Solve by the big M method. Maximize subject to P = 7x1 - 5x2 + 2x3 X₁ - 2X2 + x3 ≥ -8 X₁ X1 X₂ x2 x3 + X3 ≤ 10 X1, X2, X30
Refer to Problem 26. How many pivot operations are required to solve the linear programming problem using the simplex method?Data from Problem 26Solve the linear programming problem using the table
Solve by the big M method. Maximize P = -5x₁ + 10x₂ + 15x3 subject to 2x₁ + 3x₂ + x3 ≤ 24 = X₁ 2x22x3 1 X1, X2, X30 -
Solve by the big M method. Minimize C = -5x₁ + 10x₂ + 15x3 subject to 2x₁ + 3x₂ + X3 ≤ 24 x₁2x2 - 2x3 = 1 х1, х2, х3 = 0
Refer to the table below of the six basic solutions to the e-systemDescribe geometrically the set of all points in the plane such that s1 > 0. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) 2x1 + 3x₂ + $₁ 4x1 +
Solve by the big M method. Minimize subject to C= 10x₁ + 40x₂ + 5x3 x₁ + 3x₂ ≥ 6 4x₂ + x3 =1 3 X1, X2, X30
Find the modified problem for the following linear programming problem. Maximize P = 2x₁ + 3x₂ + subject to x₁3x₂ + x3 = - X3 7 -X1 3x₁ + 2x₂x3 = X1, X₂, X3 = x₂ + 2x3 = -2 4 0
Solve by the big M method. Maximize subject to P = 8x₁ + 2x2 10x3 x₁ + x₂ 3x3 ≤ 6 4x₁x₂ + 2x3 = -7 X1, X₂, X3 = 0
Refer to the table below of the six basic solutions to the e-systemDescribe geometrically the set of all points in the plane such that s2 (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) 2x1 + 3x₂ + $₁ 4x1 +
Solve by the big M method. Maximize subject to P = 12x₁ + 9x₂ + 5x3 3x₂ + x3 ≤ 40 x₂ + 3x3 ≤ 60 X1, X2, X3 0 x₁ + 2x₁ +
Write a brief verbal description of the type of linear programming problem that can be solved by the method indicated in Problem. Include the type of optimization, the number of variables, the type
Write a brief verbal description of the type of linear programming problem that can be solved by the method indicated in Problem. Include the type of optimization, the number of variables, the type
Solve the linear programming problem by applying the simplex method to the dual problem. Minimize subject to C 14x₁ + 8x₂ + 20x3 x₁ + x₂ + 3x3 = 6 2x₁ + x₂ + x3 ≥ 9 X₁, X₂, X3 = 0 =
Construct a mathematical model in the form of a linear programming problem. Then solve the problem using the big M method.An advertising company wants to attract new customers by placing a total of
Solve the linear programming problem by applying the simplex method to the dual problem. Minimize subject to C = 5x₁ + 2x₂ + 2x3 x₁4x₂ + x3 = 6 -X₁ + x₂- 2x3 = 4 X1, X2, X30
Solve Problem 35 by the big M method.Data from Problem 35Solve by the dual problem method: Minimize subject to C = 3x₁ + 2x₂ 2x₁ + x₂ = 20 2x1 + x₂ = 9 X₁ + X₂ = 6 X1, X2 = 0
Construct a mathematical model in the form of a linear programming problem. Then solve the problem using the big M method.A farmer can use three types of plant food: mix A, mix B, and mix C. The
Construct a mathematical model in the form of a linear programming problem. Then solve the problem by the simplex, dual problem, or big M methods.A company manufactures outdoor furniture consisting
Construct a mathematical model in the form of a linear programming problem. Then solve the problem by the simplex, dual problem, or big M methods.A company produces motors for washing machines at
Repeat Problem 48 if the profit on a ten-speed bicycle increases from $100 to $110 and all other data remain the same. If the slack associated with any problem constraint is nonzero, find itData from
Construct a mathematical model in the form of a linear programming problem. Then solve the problem by the simplex, dual problem, or big M methods.A company blends long-grain rice and wild rice to
Repeat Problem 49 if the demand for deluxe ice cream increases from 200 gallons to 300 gallons per day and all other data remain the same.Data from Problem 49A food processing company produces
Repeat Problem 49 if the demand for deluxe ice cream increases from 200 gallons to 400 gallons per day and all other data remain the same.Data from Problem 49A food processing company produces
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