Hydrogen ions are formed when water dissociates into H

+

and OH−

. This process is maintained in a chemical equilibrium at all times, which means that Kw = [H +
][OH−
] = 1 × 10−14 .
If pH is − log10([H +
]), then pOH can be defined as − log10([OH−
]). Use Kw to calculate the value of pOH for each of the following values of pH:

a. pH = 7.

b. pH = 10.

c. pH = 2.

d. pH = −1.