Suppose X ∼ Binomial(n, p) and we conduct a test of H0 : p =

0.5. Say whether each of the following statements is true or false. If the statement is false, explain why.

a. The P-value is a measure of the evidence in our sample.

Different samples will give different P-values.

b. The difference between p and 0.5 depends upon our sample.

c. If the P-value is small, we can say we have evidence that p , 0.5, but if the P-value is large, we cannot say we have evidence that p = 0.5.

d. The P-value cannot be relied upon as a measure of evidence if n is small.