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software testing and quality assurance

Questions and Answers of Software Testing And Quality Assurance

=+25.10. Explain why preparing and distributing a system release for mass-market products is an expensive process.
=+25.9. Describe six essential features that should be included in a tool to support change management processes.
=+25.8. What are the factors that influence the decision on whether or not a change should be implemented?
=+Write a set of programmer’s guidelines that helps avoid this and any other systembuilding problems that you can think of.
=+25.7. A common problem with system building occurs when physical filenames are incorporated in system code and the file structure implied in these names differs from that of the target machine.
=+25.6. With reference to system building, explain why you may sometimes have to maintain obsolete computers on which large software systems were developed.
=+25.5. Describe the difficulties that may arise when building a system from its components. What particular problems might occur when a system is built on a host computer for some target machine?
=+25.4. Software is now often developed by distributed teams, with team members working at different locations and in different time zones. Suggest features in a version control system that could be
=+25.3. Imagine a situation where two developers are simultaneously modifying three different software components. What difficulties might arise when they try to merge the changes they have made?
=+25.2. In version management, what do codeline and baseline terminologies stand for? List the features included in a version control system.
=+25.1. Suggest five possible problems that could arise if a company does not develop effective configuration management policies and processes.
=+24.10 A colleague who is a very good programmer produces software with a low number of defects but consistently ignores organizational quality standards. How should her managers react to this
=+and write a short report that summarizes work in software analytics and issues to be considered if analytics is introduced.
=+24.9. You work for a software product company and your manager has read an article on software analytics. She asks you to do some research in this area. Survey the literature on analytics
=+24.8. What is a software metric? Define different types of software metrics with examples.
=+24.7. What problems are likely to arise if formalized program inspections are introduced in a company where some software is developed using agile methods.
=+24.6. Briefly explain what happens during the software quality review process and the software quality inspection process.
=+Write a report suggesting appropriate metrics and suggest how these can be collected.
=+24.5. Assume you work for an organization that develops database products for individuals and small businesses. This organization is interested in quantifying its software development.
=+■ reports that might be submitted for a term project in a university;■ the process of making and approving program changes (web Chapter 26); and■ the process of purchasing and installing a
=+24.4. Briefly describe possible standards that might be used for:■ the use of control constructs in C, C#, or Java;
=+24.3. Discuss the assessment of software quality according to the quality attributes shown in Figure 24.2. You should consider each attribute in turn and explain how it might be assessed
=+24.2. Explain how standards may be used to capture organizational wisdom about effective methods of software development. Suggest four types of knowledge that might be captured in organizational
=+24.1. Define the terms quality assurance and quality control. List out the key points included in Humphrey’s outline structure for software management.
=+23.10. Is it ethical for a company to quote a low price for a software contract knowing that the requirements are ambiguous and that they can charge a high price for subsequent changes requested by
=+23.9. Some very large software projects involve writing millions of lines of code. Explain why the effort estimation models, such as COCOMO, might not work well when applied to very large systems.
=+Explain why this estimate should be adjusted to take project, personnel, product, and organizational factors into account. Suggest four factors that might have significant effects on the initial
=+ The COCOMO method is used to estimate the effort required to develop this system, and an estimate of 26 person-months is computed. All cost driver multipliers were set to 1 when making this
=+fixed amount of memory (256 Mbytes). The machine communicates with a patient database system to obtain the details of the patient and, after treatment, automatically records the radiation dose
=+23.8. A software manager is in charge of the development of a safety-critical software system, which is designed to control a radiotherapy machine to treat patients suffering from cancer.This
=+23.7. The planning game is based on the notion of planning to implement the stories that represent the system requirements. Explain the potential problems with this approach when software has high
=+23.6. Figure 23.14 shows the task durations for software project activities. Assume that a serious, unanticipated setback occurs, and instead of taking 10 days, task T5 takes 40 days. Draw up new
=+23.5. Figure 23.14 sets out a number of tasks, their durations, and their dependencies. Draw a bar chart showing the project schedule.
=+23.4. What is algorithmic cost modeling? What problems does it suffer from when compared with other approaches to cost estimation?
=+23.3. Define project scheduling. What are the things to be considered while estimating schedules?
=+23.2. Explain why the process of project planning is iterative and why a plan must be continually reviewed during a software project.
=+23.1. Describe the factors that affect software pricing. Define the “pricing to win” approach in software pricing.
=+ What factors might be significant in your decision?
=+Discuss whether you should accept this demand from your manager or whether you should persuade your team to give their time to the organization rather than to their families.
=+22.10. Your manager asks you to deliver software to a schedule that you know can only be met by asking your project team to work unpaid overtime. All team members have young children.
=+22.9. Write a case study in the style used here to illustrate the importance of communications in a project team. Assume that some team members work remotely and that it is not possible to get the
=+22.8. What qualities of a cohesive group’s members make the group robust? List out the key benefits of creating a cohesive group.
=+22.7. Explain why keeping all members of a group informed about progress and technical decisions in a project can improve group cohesiveness.
=+contractor has to pay. Suggest how the use of such contracts may increase the likelihood that product risks will arise.
=+22.6. Fixed-price contracts, where the contractor bids a fixed price to complete a system development, may be used to move project risk from client to contractor. If anything goes wrong, the
=+22.5. What is risk monitoring? How can risks be monitored? List a few examples of types of risks and their potential indicators.
=+22.4. In addition to the risks shown in Figure 22.1, identify at least six other possible risks that could arise in software projects.
=+The Mythical Man Month, as suggested in Further Reading.)
=+22.3. Using reported instances of project problems in the literature, list management difficulties and errors that occurred in these failed programming projects. (I suggest that you start with
=+22.2. Explain how company size and software size are factors that affect software project management.
=+22.1. Explain why the intangibility of software systems poses special problems for software project management.
=+ Discuss the ethics of both introducing a logging system and doing so without telling system users.
=+14.10. A senior manager in a company is concerned about insider attacks from disaffected staff on the company’s IT assets. As part of a resilience improvement program, she proposes that a logging
=+Draw up a test plan for this system that sets out how you could test the ability of the Mentcare system to recognize, resist, and recover from these events.
=+14.9. In Figure 14.11, I suggested a number of adverse events that could affect the Mentcare system.
=+14.8. In Section 13.4.2, (1) an unauthorized user places malicious orders to move prices and (2) an intrusion corrupts the database of transactions that have taken place. For each of these
=+14.7. Suggest how the approach to resilience engineering that I proposed in Figure 14.9 could be used in conjunction with an agile development process for the software in the system. What problems
=+of process inflexibility, illustrate your answer with examples from your experience.
=+14.6. Explain why process inflexibility can inhibit the ability of a sociotechnical system to resist and recover from adverse events such as cyberattacks and software failure. If you have experience
=+14.5. What is survivable systems analysis and what are the key activities in each of the four stages involved in it as shown in Figure 14.8?
=+is likely to adversely affect the resilience of the organization.
=+14.4. A hospital proposes to introduce a policy that any member of clinical staff (doctors or nurses)who takes or authorizes actions that leads to a patient being injured will be subject to
=+14.3. Describe the ways in which human error can be viewed according to Reason (Reason, 2000)and the strategies that can be used to increase resilience according to the Swiss cheese model (Figure
=+14.2. What are the types of threats that have to be considered in resilience planning? Provide examples of the controls that organizations should put in place to counter those threats.
=+14.1. Explain how the complementary strategies of resistance, recognition, recovery, and reinstatement may be used to provide system resilience.
=+13.10. The Mentcare system has to be secure against attacks that might reveal confidential patient information. Suggest three possible attacks against this system that might occur. Using this
=+13.9. Suggest how you would go about validating a password protection system for an application that you have developed. Explain the function of any tools that you think may be useful.
=+13.8. Explain why it is important when writing secure systems to validate all user inputs to check that these have the expected format.
=+Figure 13.14, suggest two further plausible attacks on the system and propose possible strategies that could counter these attacks.
=+13.7. For the equity trading system discussed in Section 13.4.2, whose architecture is shown in
=+13.6. Explain why it is important to log user actions in the development of secure systems.
=+13.5. Explain, using an analogy drawn from a non-software engineering context, why a layered approach to asset protection should be used.
=+that implement the proposed controls.
=+13.4. Extend the table in Figure 13.7 to identify two further threats to the Mentcare system, along with associated controls. Use these as a basis for generating software security requirements
=+13.3. Explain why security is considered a more challenging problem than safety in a system.
=+13.2. For the Mentcare system, suggest an example of an asset, an exposure, a vulnerability, an attack, a threat, and a control, in addition to those discussed in this chapter.
=+13.1. Describe the security dimensions and security levels that have to be considered in secure systems engineering.
=+12.10. Should software engineers working on the specification and development of safety-related systems be professionally certified or licensed in some way? Explain your reasoning.
=+(iii) An authorized operator is identified by the input of an authorized door entry code.The code shown in Figure 12.15 controls the door-locking mechanism. Note that the safe state is that entry
=+(ii) If the radiation level in a room is below a specified value, an authorized operator may open the door.
=+(i) If remotely controlled radiation shields are in place within a room, an authorized operator may open the door.
=+12.9. The door lock control mechanism in a nuclear waste storage facility is designed for safe operation. It ensures that entry to the storeroom is only permitted when radiation shields are in
=+12.8. List four types of systems that may require software safety cases, explaining why safety cases are required.
=+12.7. Explain why using model checking is sometimes a more cost-effective approach to verification than verifying a program’s correctness against a formal specification.
=+12.6. Explain when it may be cost-effective to use formal specification and verification in the development of safety-critical software systems. Why do you think that some critical systems
=+on-board software on the train before it enters the track segment, propose five possible functional system requirements for the onboard software that may be generated from the system safety
=+The train shall not enter a segment of track that is signaled with a red light.The train shall not exceed the specified speed limit for a section of track.Assuming that the signal status and the
=+12.5. A train protection system automatically applies the brakes of a train if the speed limit for a segment of track is exceeded, or if the train enters a track segment that is currently signaled
=+Identify three hazards that may arise in this system. For each hazard, suggest a defensive requirement that will reduce the probability that these hazards will result in an accident. Explain why
=+■ The minimum and maximum speeds of the roller coaster as it moves along the various segments of the ride to prevent derailing, given the number of people riding the roller coaster.
=+12.4. A safety-critical software system for managing roller coasters controls two main components:■ The lock and release of the roller coaster harness which is supposed to keep riders in place as
=+12.3. In the insulin pump system, the user has to change the needle and insulin supply at regular intervals and may also change the maximum single dose and the maximum daily dose that may be
=+12.2. A software system is to be deployed for a company that has extremely high safety standards and allows for almost no risks, not even minor injuries. How will this affect the look of the risk
=+12.1. Identify six consumer products that are likely to be controlled by safety-critical software systems.
=+warranties in the same way that consumer goods manufacturers must guarantee their products?
=+to software failures? Should they be liable for compensating users for losses that are caused by the failure of their software? Should they be required by law to offer software
=+11.10. Software failures can cause considerable inconvenience to users of the software. Is it ethical for companies to release software that they know includes faults that could lead
=+ 11.9. Explain how programming language support of exception handling can contribute to the reliability of software systems.
=+11.8. Explain why all the versions in a system designed around software diversity may fail in a similar way.
=+ 11.7. It has been suggested that the control software for a radiation therapy machine, used to treat patients with cancer, should be implemented using N-version programming. Comment on whether

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