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software testing and quality assurance

Questions and Answers of Software Testing And Quality Assurance

Explain why the success of a system depends heavily on the quality of the documentation gene rated during system development.
Some computer science classes involve building a term project that begins as a small system and is continually enhanced until the result is complete. If you have worked on such a project, review your
Explain why maintenance programming may be more challenging than new development. Why must a good maintenance programmer have good "people skills"? What are other desirable characteristics of a
Examine a large program from one of your class projects. How must you add to the documentation so that someone else can maintain it? Discuss the pros and cons of writing this supplementary
Borrow a copy of a large program (more than 1000 lines of code) from a friend. Try to choose a program with which you are not at all familiar. How useful is the documentation? Compare the code with
As with the previous problem, examine a friend's program. Suppose you want to make a change to the code, and you must perform regression testing on the result to ensure that the program still runs
Explain why single-entry, single-exit components make testing easie r during maintenance.
Review the characteristics of good software design. For each one, explain whether it will he lp or hinde r software rejuvenation.
Is the Ariane-5 software an S-, P-, or E-system?
Does the McCabe cyclomatic number allow us to form an ordering of components according to quality? That is, can we a lways say that one compone nt is more complex than anothe r? Name some aspects of
Suppose you are maintaining a large safety-critical softwa re system. You use a model, such as Porter and Selby's, to predict which components are most Likely to fail. Then, you examine those ide
The following is a list of the version a nd configuration control functional crite ria for configuration ma nagement tools for a British agency. Explain how each factor contributes to the ease of
The facets of a faceted classification scheme must be orthogonal. That is, the characteristic described by one facet cannot be described by using a combination of one or more other facets. Define a
Explain why a cost model for reusing software must include costs for more than one project.
List some information that may be useful in recording the reuse history of a component.Be sure to include a rationale for each element in your list.
Suppose a postmortem analysis reveals that a particula r developer is responsible for the major system problems. Wha t kinds of improvement activities should be included in the recommendations to
Examine the quality models described in this chapter: Boehm, ISO 9126, and Dromey. For each contributing characte ristic of quality, discuss possible ways to measure the characte ristic, and describe
Examine the quality models in Figures 1.5, 12.2, and 12.3. H ow can models like these be used to prevent problems with product quality? Can measurement help to avoid such problems?
Compare and contrast the McCall, Boehm, and ISO 9126 quality models. How do they differ from the developer's point of view? From the user's point of view?
ISO 9126 is meant to be a general model of software quality that can be used by anyone involved with software. Is it sensible to have a general model? How does it help in comparing the quality of two
Compute r security is usually considered necessary for a high-quality software product.How can compute r security be defined in terms of the ISO 9126 model of quality?
Suppose you have implemented a new review technique during your requirements process.How could you evalua te its effectiveness? How would you control variables so that you are sure it is the new
The capability maturity model is used by many companies as an incentive to implement new practices. Tha t is, organizations set goals and reward behavior to help them move up from level 1 toward
The people ma turity model assumes that cohesive teams produce better products.Describe how you might test this hypothesis in a fonnal evaluation. How would you measure team cohesion? What crite ria
How can we quantitatively assess the maintenance process?
How can we use that assessment to improve the maintenance process?
How do we quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of any process improveme!llts?
Suppose you are tracking the fau lt density in a series of similar products, so that you can monitor the effectiveness of the new inspection process you introduced. Over time, you find that the fault
Abdel-Hamid's systems dynamics model takes into account the changes in project understanding as the project progresses. What are the pros and cons of capturing assumptions about these changes? How
Explain how systems dynamics might be used to examine the trade-offs between adequate computer security and acceptable system performance.
What are the dangers in assuming that the SEL experience with cleanroom applies to your organization?
Suppose your organization is considering rapid prototyping on its next project. Gordon and Bieman (1995) have catalogued the lessons learned about rapid prototyping from reports in the literature,
The president of your company has learned about ISO 9000 and insists that the company become certified. She wants quantitative evidence that ISO 9000 has improved the company's processes and
Should software engineers be licensed or certified the way many other professional engineers are? Can a software engineer's performance be evaluated in an objective, quantitative way? How do
3: What patterns and tactics can you discern in the portions of the architecture shown in Figures 13.4, 13.5 and 13.7?
2: The Web did not have performance as one of its early quality goals, which is unusual for a successful system. Why do you think the system was successful anyway? What, if anything, does this say
1: We have identified a number of qualities that made the WWW successful: interoperability, portability, remote access, extensibility, and scalability. Which of these do you think contributed most
2: Determination of costs and benefits is fraught with uncertainty. What sources of uncertainty do you typically have to deal with and how would you go about characterizing, measuring, and minimizing
1: One of the novel aspects of the CBAM is the creation of utility-response curves. Consider the curve styles shown in Figure 12.2. What are the circumstances under which you can imagine each of
1: Think of an important software system in your organization. Could you present the business drivers or discuss the architecture using the template given in this chapter? If not, what information is
4: Chapter 6 described a code template used to provide a consistent approach to high availability across the ISSS air traffic control system. Suppose you wanted to confirm that developers and
3: For each use of reconstruction mentioned in Section 10.1, specify the architectural views you would want to reconstruct.
2: Suppose you believed that the architecture for a system followed a shared repository style. What information would you want to extract from the source code to confirm or refute this hypothesis?
1: Suppose you believed that the architecture for a system was layered. What information would you want to extract from the source code to confirm or refute this hypothesis?
Explain the Graphical representation of elements and relationships
What documentation would you need to do performance analysis?
You are a new hire to a project. Lay out a sequence of documentation you would like to have to acquaint you with your new position.
What views from this chapter are pertinent to a system you are currently working on? What views have you documented? Why is there a difference?
How does the use of a skeletal system restrict the designer? How is this beneficial and how is it detrimental?
The data and control flow constraints on subsystem controllers and controller children are very stringent. As a designer and implementor, do you think you would welcome these constraints or find them
The strong relationship between the structure of the system being simulated and the structure of the simulating software is one of the things that makes the Structural Modeling pattern so flexible
How does ADD compare to an ad hoc approach to design in terms of the outputs and the time and resources required to run the method? When would ADD be appropriate and when would ad hoc design be
What other techniques can you think of for creating an initial version of a software or system architecture. How do these techniques address functional, business, and quality attribute requirements?
ADD provides one method for "chunking" requirements. Architectural drivers are satisfied and other requirements have to be satisfied in the context of the design developed for the drivers. What other
Architectures beget the teams that build the modules that compose the architectures. The architectural structure usually reflected in the teams is modular decomposition. What would be the advantages
Construct quality attribute scenarios, as described in Chapter 4, for as many of the requirements given in Section 6.2 as you can. Where necessary information is missing, propose reasonable
How many architectural patterns can you recognize in the architecture for ISSS?
High availability was a main impetus behind the architecture presented in this chapter. How were other quality attributes, such as performance, affected by this requirement? How might the
Usability is not always given due consideration in architecture design, making usability system goals often difficult to achieve because they are treated as an afterthought. Think of a system where
Given the set of tactics you chose in question 1, what tradeoffs with other quality attributes might you expect from using them (such as security, availability, and modifiability)?
As in question 3 from Chapter 4, consider a widely used Web site, such as Amazon or eBay. What tactics would you need to consider when choosing the architectural patterns or architectural strategies
Suppose that monitors were added to ensure that correct values were being stored in the Data Banker and computed by the Function Drivers. If the monitors detected a disparity between the stored or
Chapter 7 will discuss using the architecture as a basis for incremental development: starting small and growing the system but having a working subset at all times. Propose the smallest subset of
Suppose that a version of the A-7E software were to be developed for installation on a flight trainer version of the aircraft. This aircraft would carry no weapons, but it would teach pilots how to
26.10. Do you think that process improvement programs, which involve measuring the work of people in the process and introducing changes into that process, can be inherently dehumanizing? What
26.9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a process maturity model that focuses on goals to be achieved, rather than good practices to be introduced?
26.8. Under what circumstances would you recommend the use of the staged representation of the CMMI?
26.7. Give two advantages and two disadvantages of the approach to process assessment and improvement that is embodied in the process improvement frameworks such as the CMMI.
26.6. Design a process for assessing and prioritizing process change proposals. Document this process as a process model showing the roles involved in this process. You should use UML activity
26.5. Describe three types of software process metric that may be collected as part of a process improvement process. Give one example of each type of metric.
26.4. Assume that the goal of process improvement in an organization is to increase the number of reusable components that are produced during development. Suggest three questions in the GQM paradigm
26.3. Suggest three specialized software tools that might be developed to support a process improvement program in an organization.
26.2. Under what circumstances is product quality likely to be determined by the quality of the development team? Give examples of the types of software product that are particularly dependent on
26.1. What are the important differences between the agile approach and the process maturity approach to software process improvement?
have been introduced to the ideas of process capability and process maturity, and the general form of the SEI’s CMMI model for process improvement.
know how the Goal-Question-Metric approach may be used to guide process measurement;
understand the principles of software process improvement and the cyclic process improvement process;
understand the rationale for software process improvement as a means of improving both product quality and the efficiency and effectiveness of software processes;
25.10. Describe five factors that should be taken into account by engineers during the process of building a release of a large software system.
25.9. A common problem with system building occurs when physical file names are incorporated in system code and the file structure implied in these names differs from that of the target machine.
25.8. With reference to system building, explain why you may sometimes have to maintain obsolete computers on which large software systems were developed.
25.7. Describe the difficulties that may arise when building a system from its components. What particular problems might occur when a system is built on a host computer for some target machine?
25.6. Software is increasingly being developed by teams where the team members are working at different locations. Suggest features in a version management system that may be required to support this
25.5. Imagine a situation where two developers are simultaneously modifying three different software components. What difficulties might arise when they try to merge the changes that they have made?
25.4. Explain why it is essential that every version of a component should be uniquely identified.Comment on the problems of using a version identification scheme that is simply based on version
25.3. Describe six essential features that should be included in a tool to support change management processes.
25.2. What are the benefits of using a change request form as the central document in the change management process?
25.1. Suggest five possible problems that could arise if a company does not develop effective configuration management policies and processes.
understand the differences between a system version and a system release, and know the stages in the release management process.
know the essential functionality that must be provided by a version management system, and the relationships between version management and system building;
understand the processes and procedures involved in software change management;
24.10. A colleague who is a very good programmer produces software with a low number of defects but consistently ignores organizational quality standards. How should her managers react to this
24.9. Explain why it is difficult to validate the relationships between internal product attributes, such as cyclomatic complexity and external attributes, such as maintainability.
24.8. Explain why design metrics are, by themselves, an inadequate method of predicting design quality.
24.7. Explain why program inspections are an effective technique for discovering errors in a program. What types of error are unlikely to be discovered through inspections?
24.6. Assume you work for an organization that develops database products for individuals and small businesses. This organization is interested in quantifying its software development.Write a report
24.5. Briefly describe possible standards that might be used for:• The use of control constructs in C, C#, or Java;• Reports which might be submitted for a term project in a university;• The
24.4. Design an electronic form that may be used to record review comments and which could be used to electronically mail comments to reviewers.
24.3. Discuss the assessment of software quality according to the quality attributes shown in Figure 24.2. You should consider each attribute in turn and explain how it might be assessed.
24.2. Explain how standards may be used to capture organizational wisdom about effective methods of software development. Suggest four types of knowledge that might be captured in organizational

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