The Canadian dollar’s value against the U.S. dollar has seen some significant changes over recent history. Use the graph of the C$ to US$ exchange rate on the next page for the 30-year period between 1980 and end-ofyear 2010 to estimate the percentage change in the Canadian dollar’s value (affectionately known as the “loonie”) versus the dollar for the following periods.

a. January 1980–January 1986

b. January 1986–October 1991

c. October 1991–December 2001

d. October 2001–April 2011

e. April 2011–January 2015

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Canadian dollars (CAD) = 1.00 U.S. dollar (USD) 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.41 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.16 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 Jan-80 Sep-80- May-81 Jan-82 Sep-82- May-83 Jan-84 Sep-84- May-85 Jan-86 Sep-86 May-87 Jan-88 Sep-88- May-89- Jan-90 Sep 90- May-91 Jan-92 1.13 Sep-92- May-93 Jan-94 Sep-94 May-95 Jan-96 Sep 96- May-97 Jan-98 Sep-98- May-99 Jan-00 Sep-00 May-01 Jan-02 Sep-02 May-03- 1.60 0.96 January 1980-January 2015 (monthly average) 1.26 1.25 Jan-04 Sep-04- May-05- Jan-06 Sep-06- May-07 Jan-08 Sep-08- May-09- Jan-10 Sep-10 May-11 Jan-12 Sep-12 May-13- Jan-14 Sep-14