12. Professor Loomis selects a sample of second-grade students from each of three schools 12.

offering different instructional programs in reading. He wishes to determine whether there are corresponding differences between these schools in the “phonological awareness” of their students. Professor Loomis has each child complete a phonological awareness inventory and obtains these results:

Phonological Awareness Scores Program 1 17, 13, 14, 10 Program 2 7, 5, 12, 8 Program 3 16, 9, 15, 18

(a) Give H0.

(b) Compute SSwithin, SSbetween, and SStotal.

(c) What are the values for dfwithin, dfbetween, and dftotal?

(d) Conduct the F test (α 05) and present your results in an ANOVA summary table.

(e) What is your statistical decision regarding H0?

(f) Compute and interpret ωˆ

2 from these data.

(g) What is your substantive conclusion from this analysis? (Is your analysis complete?)