6.57. Answer true or false for each of the following, and explain your answer:

(a) P(Type 11 error) = 1 - P(Type 1 error).

(b) If we reject Hq using a = 0.01, then we also reject it using a = 0.05.

(c) The P-value is the probability that Hq is true.

(Hint: Do wc find probabilities about variables and their statistics, or about parameters?)

(d) An article in an anthropology journal reports P = 0.063 for testing Hq: p. - 0 against Ha:

/x ^ 0. If the authors had instead reported a 95% confidence interval for p., then the interval would have contained 0, and readers could have betterjudged just which values are plausible for p..