In a study of interpersonal closeness (Hol- land, Roeder, van Baaren, Brandt, & Hannover, 2004, experiment 2), research- ers primed either independence or interde- pendence by asking male and female subjects to think about the differences (independence) or similarities (inter- dependence) between themselves and their family and close friends. Then they were asked to take a seat in a waiting area full of chairs where a jacket indicated the presence of another person. The dependent variable was the number of chairs between the sub- ject's chair and the chair with the jacket. As predicted, subjects in the independent con- dition seated themselves farther away from the chair that appeared occupied than sub- jects in the interdependent condition did. In addition, men tended to sit further away from the jacket than women did.

a. What is the design of this experiment? Describe it using shorthand notation. Diagram it.

b. How many main effects were reported?

c. Using a simple graph, illustrate the pat- tern of the overall results of this experiment.