Which of the following statements best explains why the CPA profession has found it essential to promulgate ethical standards and to establish means for en- suring their observance?

a. Vigorous enforcement of an established code of ethics is the best way to pre- vent unscrupulous acts.

b. Ethical standards that emphasize excellence in performance over material re- wards establish a reputation for competence and character.

c. A distinguishing mark of a profession is its acceptance of responsibility to the public.

d. A requirement for a profession is to establish ethical standards that primarily stress a responsibility to clients and colleagues.