Each of the items listed below is a quality of earnings issue. Indicate whether the item is

(a) an accounting method,

(b) an accounting estimate, or

(c) a nonoperating item. For any item for which the answer is

(a) or (b), indicate which alternative is usually the more conservative choice.

1. LIFO versus FIFO 2. Extraordinary loss 3. 10-year useful life versus 15-year useful life 4. Effect of change in accounting principle 5. Straight-line versus accelerated method 6. Discontinued operations 7. Immediate write-off versus amortization 8. Increase versus decrease in percentage of uncollectible accounts,  L01