A bank manager notices that by the time customers get to the teller, they seem irritated and impatient. She wants to investigate the problem further, so she hires you to design a research project to figure out what is bothering the customers. The bank wants three studies:

(a) several focus groups of their customers,

(b) observation using a hidden camera, and

(c) an online survey of 500 customers. Which studies are qualitative, and which are quantitative?