2. Identify any potential barriers to change and any unintended consequences that might emerge as a result of the changes. In 2019, the Governor of the Bank of England Mark Carney published an open letter on climate-related financial risks, highlighting the human and financial costs of climate change on our collective well-being. To support the transition to a sustainable economy he argued: ‘Carbon emissions have to decline by 45% from 2010 levels over the next decade in order to reach net zero by 2050. This requires a massive reallocation of capital.