S tate whether True or False:

a. Work-breakdown structure is a breakdown of project activity schedules from weekly to daily and from daily to hourly schedules for minute control.

b. Work-breakdown structure is a breakdown of project into its components that enables meaningful organization of project scope.

c. Gantt charts are useful in working out the period-to-period requirements of resources on a project.

d. A Gantt chart can’t identify ‘critical’ activities.

e. Gantt chart is more effective than ‘network diagram’ for presenting project schedules to the company management.

f. Arrow diagramming method of network representation can show different types of relationships such as start–start and finish–finish.

g. If the early occurrence time and the late occurrence time for the starting and finishing events of an activity are same, the activity is always a critical activity.

h. In activity on arrow (AOA) type of network diagram, the length of arrow has no relation to its time duration.

i. AON networks can represent online finish–start type of relationships between activities.

j. ‘Slack’ is the extra time available to perform an activity without affecting the project completion time.

k. ‘Float’ on the activity indicates the duration by which total estimated duration of activity can be reduced while crashing.

l. Float is the difference between ‘time available to perform a task’ and ‘time required to perform the task’.

m. ‘Total float’ is the sum of ‘free float’ and ‘independent float’.
n. PERT is used for scheduling product development projects.
o. PERT is an acronym for Project Estimation and Review Technique.
p. There is only a 50 per cent chance for completing a project in the scheduled time calculated using PERT model.
q. PERT is used when estimates for task durations can be worked out using past data.
r. Concept of ‘crashing’ is not applicable to PERT model.
s. CPM is an acronym for Cost and Profile Monitoring.
t. Critical path method aims at optimizing project duration at minimum cost.
u. Critical path is the shortest path in the project network.
v. Critical path is the longest path in the project network.
w. Critical path duration is the minimum time required to complete the project.
x. Critical path method uses ‘three time estimation’ for estimating task durations.
y. There can be only one critical path in a project network.
z. In precedence network, the activities are represented by arrows and the events are represented by nodes.
aa. S ometimes, it is necessary to introduce ‘dummy’ activities in precedence networks for maintaining relationship logic.
bb. Line-of-balance (LOB) technique is used to balance work at different workstations in a massproduction assembly line.
cc. Line-of-balance technique is useful for planning the construction of a number of similar structures.
dd. Line-of-balance charts are also known as Gantt charts after the name of the engineer who introduced the technique.