Two peaks emerge from a chromatography column as sketched in the following illustration.

where N is the number of theoretical plates and γ is the separation factor, defined as the quotient of linear velocities of the two solutes (γ > 1).

(a) If you change the solvent or the stationary phase, you will change the separation factor. Sketch the chromatogram if γ increases but N is constant.

(b) If you increase the column length or decrease the particle size or flow rate, you can increase the number of plates. Sketch the chromatogram if N increases but γ is constant.

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Signal Time