Read the following and give your response:

Point 1
Regarding the aphorism “knowledge is power” versus the more adaptive phraseology of “applied knowledge is power” Galuppo, Gorli, &Ripamonti (2011) conducted a study that explores the importance of power and dissymmetry in promoting participative knowledge and change in action research. This study supports the applied knowledge concept as vital to action. The researchers conducted an analysis of two action research cases that featured two key aspects: the construction of the action research setting, and its maintenance during the process.
The paradigm of the study was based on the decisions expected regarding the relationship between researchers and participants, relating to “power issues.” The research ultimately concluded that promoting a “practical dissymmetry” in internal relationships allows for the distribution of pertinent types of power that causes the participants to use their authority and knowledge to invest in change. Therefore, the dispersed leadership is vital when an organization seeks to create a realistic and workable change of roles and responsibilities.
Point 2
Many large corporations that way whether to enter into a certain new market conduct a Global Business Cultural Analysis, garnered from the IB core concepts. Jeon, Meiseberg, Dant, &Grünhagen (2016) conducted a study to examine the mindset of potential Chinese and Indian patrons of a McDonald’s store in their respective countries. This research was conducted with the knowledge that successful organizations, particularly small businesses and entrepreneurial enterprises, familiarize and follow the peculiarities of their target consumer groups. This is considered too important since these organizations do not have the necessary historical experience of larger corporations.
Going into the study with the above knowledge, the researchers conducted the study to learn about the mindset of Chinese and Indian consumers of a global franchise system, McDonald’s. The researchers examine whether McDonald’s universal culture and social values are linked to consumers’ patronage of McDonald’s. Using a multivariate analysis of variance, the researchers examined cross-country variances in insights of egalitarianism and democratization as well as patronage frequency, the results of which will be revealed below.
Point 3
Jeon, Meiseberg, Dant, &Grünhagen’s (2016) study concluded numerous results, which would provide McDonald’s with empirically-evidenced insight for their reference, should they conduct a GBCA of their own. First, in both markets, associations between consumer age and support for egalitarianism vary. In China, the older consumers are more likely to support equal views in the context of choosing a franchised restaurant, even though younger generations are typically assumed to be more open to new concepts. In India, younger consumers are more supportive of egalitarianism than older consumers.
Second, while the relationship between education and democratization is significantly positive in India, it is significantly negative in China. Third, the relationship between egalitarian ideas and frequency of visit is negative in India. Fourth, the relationship between democratization and frequency of visit is found to be negative for China. The study summarized that positioning strategies of global organizations in emerging markets, especially for corporations that put an emphasis on uniformity of operations, must be carefully differentiated (Jeon, Meiseberg, Dant, &Grünhagen, 2016).
Point 4
In the real world, business leaders will inevitably be faced with many problems, and be expected to conduct research to find solutions. The value of the solution will depend on the quality of the information found in the research. In conducting problem-solving research, business leaders will be wise to work with others to conduct research as well, which should help to find additional answers. One of the values of collaboration with others in problem-solving lies in the fresh lens through which the collaborators see the problem. This relates to me significantly in terms of this International Business course, because as student, I have learned the value of teamwork when conducting research, particularly a Global Business Cultural Analysis.
In this course I have been provided a framework for higher-level decision-making, within the context of Global Business. This is a valuable skillset that I believe I will be charged with utilizing if I work in a corporation that is considering expanding to new international areas of the world.
Point 5
MPA degree programs are encouraged to enhance the student's values, knowledge and skills to act ethically and effectively (Waugh Jr., Hy, &Brudney, 1994). Analytical framework for problem-solving calls on us to carefully define the exact problem to be solved, break the problem down into questions to examine what is required to solve the problem, and prioritize what to include in the solution. Waugh Jr., Hy, &Brudney (1994) conducted a study to analyze the kinds of research and public decision-making skills that students gain when working on Master of Public Administration (MPA) curricula.
The researchers assert that most MPA programs emphasize problem-solving skills that utilize research methods involving quantitative analysis with statistical analysis and management science. The study found that students entering MPA programs increasingly have prior coursework in basic statistics, research methods, data processing, computer programming, advanced mathematics and the philosophy of science. The researchers note that a majority of MPA programs require students to learn basic descriptive statistics, and that the percentages of programs requiring students to learn basic skills increases over time since 1978 and 1984 and at the time of the study (1994), were already approaching 100 percent (Waugh Jr., Hy, &Brudney, 1994).