The following data relate to labor cost for production of 20,000 cellular telephones: Actual: 8,450 hrs. at $22.50 Standard: 8,400 hrs. at $23.00.

a. Determine the direct labor rate variance, direct labor time variance, and total direct labor cost variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number. Rate variance $ Time variance $ Total direct labor cost variance $.

b. The employees may have been less-experienced or poorly trained, thereby resulting in a labor rate than planned. The lower level of experience or training may have resulted in efficient performance. Thus, the actual time required was than standard.