${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_m\text{e}\text{a}\text{n}\text{s}\text{m}\text{a}\text{r}\text{k}\text{e}\text{t}\text{i}\text{n}\text{g}\text{a}\text{p}\text{r}\text{o}\text{d}\text{u}\text{c}\text{t}in\text{a}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{e}\text{i}\text{g}\text{n}\text{m}\text{a}\text{r}\text{k}\text{e}\text{t}\text{w}\text{i}\text{t}\text{h}\text{o}\text{u}\text{t}\text{m}\text{a}\text{k}\text{i}\text{n}\text{g}\text{a}\text{n}\text{y}\text{c}\text{h}\text{a}\text{n}\text{g}\text{e}\text{s}to\text{t}\text{h}\text{e}\text{p}\text{r}\text{o}\text{d}\text{u}\text{c}\text{t}\text{.}}$

Communication extension

Straight product extension

Product invention

Communication adaptation

Product adaptation