-0.1+ -0.04 O 0.1 O 0.01 C A O 0.001 O 0.005 -0.09 - -0.03 - -0.08 -0.02 -0.07 -0.01 -0.06 0.01 -0.05 0.02 -0.04 0.03 -0.03 - 0.04 -0.02 - Which of the following is a reasonable visual estimate of the standard error? 0.02 + B 0.03 - 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 - 0.1 +Census polls show that male and female babies are born at an equal rate each year in the United States. However, each year individual hospitals have different rates of male and female births. This simulated sampling distribution has over 2000 sample differences from hospitals around the United States. Based on the sampling distribution of sample differences, which result is a statistically significant difference? Frequencies of difference in proportions 15000 Frequency 0 5000 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 proportion of male births minus proportion of female births O A hospital with 48% male births and 53% female births. O A hospital with 53% male births and 48% female births. O A hospital with 50% male births and 50% female births. O A hospital with 63% male births and 38% female births. In the article Foods, Fortificants, and Supplements: Where Do Americans Get Their Nutrients? researchers analyze the nutrient and vitamin intake from a random sample of 16,110 U.S. residents. Researchers compare the level of daily vitamin intake for vitamin A, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and calcium. Unless otherwise stated, all hypothesis tests in the study are conducted at the 5% significance level. For the claim that the proportion of U.S. residents who consumed recommended levels of vitamin A is higher among women than men, the null and alternative hypotheses are: HoP1-P2=0(P1=P2) Hazplp2>0(p1>m) The P-value is 0.08, and researchers conduct this test at a 5% level of significance. Which of the following is the correct conclusion? O Fail to RejectHo , do not support Ha . O Reject H0 , and support Ha . O Support H0 , and reject Ha . Quit Smoking: The New England Journal of Medicine published the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment to study the effect of nicotine patches and the antidepressant bupropion on quitting smoking. The target for quitting smoking was the 8th day of the experiment. In this experiment researchers randomly assigned smokers to treatments. We conducted a hypothesis test to determine if the side effect rates are significantly different for nicotine patches versus bupropion at a 5% level of significance. (The normality conditions are met by the data.) The P-value is 0.04. What can we conclude? Q We fail to reject the null hypothesis. The side effect rates are different, but not significantly different. Q We reject the null hypothesis. The side effects are more painful for people taking bupropion. We reject the null hypothesis. The side effect rates are significantly different for bupropion and the nicotine patches. We reject the null hypothesis. The side effect rate for bupropion is significantly higher than the side effect rate for the nicotine patches. Students at a college in California conduct interviews to measure the proportion of women working as scientists and the proportion of women working in construction, The scientists and construction company workers are randomly selected. Students find that out of 244 scientists interviewed, 71 are women. Of the 98 construction company workers interviewed, 19 are women. The following hypothesis test was conducted: H01 P1 = P2 Ha: F31 i p2 Students conclude that the difference between the proportion of women working as scientists and the proportion of women working in construction is not statistically significant (P=0.07). What does the phrase "not statistically significant" tell us? The difference students observe is smaller than the 5% difference students expected to see in random sampling. So this difference is too small to be statistically significant. The difference between women working as scientists and women working in construction is too large to make a conclusion. So this difference is not statistically significant. The difference students observe is not surprising. Differences at least this small occur frequently in random sampling. So this difference is too small to be statistically significant