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1 3 . Order the 3 types of intermolecular forces and the electrostatic force found in ionic compounds ( dipole - dipole, dispersion, hydrogen bonding,
Order the types of intermolecular forces and the electrostatic force found in ionic compounds
dipoledipole, dispersion, hydrogen bonding, ionic attraction from weakest to strongest.
WEAKEST
STRONGEST
A semiconductor is composed of a silicon crystal that has been doped with impurities to make
either an ntype negative or ptype positive material.
a Suggest an element that could be used to make each of these types of material. Hint: consider
the Lewis structure of silicon and of the elements you select for doping.
b Light emitting diodes LEDs make use of semiconductors. When an LED is connected to
a power source, electrons begin to "jump" from the ntype material into the ptype material.
Using two energy diagrams, show how the electrons energy changes when it jumps the gap
between materials in the LED. You only need to include orbital and electron per diagram
c According to quantum mechanics, an electron moving from a higher energy state to a lower
energy state will emit a photon at a specific wavelength. The photons wavelength depends on
the change in energy Delta E
What does this imply about the colour of light emitted by an LED, as compared to a traditional
incandescent light bulb?
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