1 A new drug for pain relief is being tested within a given palliative care population The new drug is being compared to an already approved pain relief drug that is commonly used in providing palliative care to patients who experience chronic severe pain Assume the patients are asked to rate the pain on a scale from 1 to 10, and the data presented below was obtained from a small study designed to compare the effectiveness of the two drugs Set up and interpret the results of a Mann Whitney U test with an alpha of 05 Pain Rating as Reported by Patients Old Drug13346 New Drug12337 Old Drug New Drug Total Sample (Ordered Smallest to Largest) Ranks Old Drug New Drug Old Drug New Drug R 1 R 2 A) We fail to reject H 0 , which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals 05 level because the calculated U value of 10 5 is greater than the critical U value of 2 B) We fail to reject H 0 , which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals 05 level because the calculated U value of 14 5 is greater than the critical U value of 2 C) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1 , which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals 05 level because the calculated U value of 10 5 is greater than the critical U value of 2 D) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1 , which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals 05 level because the calculated U value of 14 5 is greater than the critical U value of 2 2 A new chemotherapy drug is released to treat leukemia and researchers suspect that the drug may have fewer side effects than the most commonly used drug to treat leukemia The two drugs have equivalent efficacy In order to determine if a larger study should be conducted to look into the prevalence of side effects for the two drugs, set up a Mann Whitney U test at the alpha equals 05 level and interpret its results Number of Reported Side Effects Old Drug 01335 New Drug00124 Old Drug New Drug Total Sample (Ordered Smallest to Largest) Ranks Old Drug New Drug Old Drug New Drug R 1 R 2 A) We fail to reject H 0 , which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals 05 level because the calculated U value of 16 5 is greater than the critical U value of 2 B) We fail to reject H 0 , which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals 05 level because the calculated U value of 8 5 is greater than the critical U value of 2 C) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1 , which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals 05 level because the calculated U value of 16 5 is greater than the critical U value of 2 D) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1 , which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals 05 level because the calculated U value of 8 5 is greater than the critical U value of 2 3 A new medication is being developed to treat severe morning sickness in pregnant women The information below was generated from a small sample size ( n 6) and shows the number of times a woman with morning sickness vomited both before and after treatment Set up and interpret the results of a sign test at the alpha equals 05 level to determine if there is a difference in symptoms before and after treatment Pregnant Woman Before Treatment After Treatment Difference Sign 1 8 3 2 10 7 3 6 5 4 8 10 5 11 10 6 8 2 A) We fail to reject H 0 , which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are equal because 1 is greater than the critical value 0 for a sign test with a population of only 6 individuals B) We fail to reject H 0 , which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are equal because 5 is greater than the critical value 0 for a sign test with a population of only 6 individuals C) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1 , which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are not equal because 1 is greater than the critical value 0 for a sign test with a population of only 6 individuals D) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1 , which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are not equal because 5 is greater than the critical value 0 for a sign test with a population of only 6 individuals 4 A new medication is being developed to treat severe nausea and vomiting among chemotherapy patients The information below was generated from a small sample size ( n 11) and shows the number of times a chemotherapy patient vomited both before and after treatment due to the side effects of chemotherapy Set up and interpret the results of a sign test at the alpha equals 05 level to determine if there is a difference in symptoms before and after treatment Chemotherapy Patient Before Treatment After Treatment Difference Sign 1 9 3 2 12 5 3 14 7 4 9 4 5 8 2 6 11 3 7 15 7 8 12 8 9 7 8 10 9 5 11 8 7 A) We fail to reject H 0 , which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are equal because 1 is less than the critical value 2 for a sign test with a population of only 11 individuals B) We fail to reject H 0 , which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are equal because 10 is greater than the critical value 2 for a sign test with a population of only 11 individuals C) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1 , which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are not equal because 1 is less than the critical value 2 for a sign test with a population of only 11 individuals D) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1 , which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are not equal because 10 is greater than the critical value 2 for a sign test with a population of only 11 individuals 5 A researcher is conducting a study on the palliative care of patients at a specific facility to determine how their chronic pain symptoms change after entering the palliative care environment This study is aimed at determining the effectiveness of a standardized treatment protocol for the patients entering into the palliative care environment To do this, the researcher is comparing the pain scores of individuals before treatment and after treatment Set up a Wilcoxon signed ranks test and interpret it at the alpha equals 05 level Patient Before Treatment After Treatment Value of Differences Ordered Absolute Values of Differences Ranks Sign Rank 1 9 4 2 10 5 3 7 3 4 8 5 5 6 7 6 9 5 7 6 4 8 7 3 9 9 4 A) We fail to reject H 0, which states the median difference in the pain scores before and after treatment are equal because 1 is less than the critical value 10 for a Wilcoxon signed ranks test with a population of only 11 individuals B) We fail to reject H 0, which states the median difference in the pain scores before and after treatment are equal because 45 is greater than the critical value 44 for a Wilcoxon signed ranks test with a population of only 11 individuals C) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1, which states the median difference in pain scores before and after treatment are not equal because 1 is less than the critical value 10 for a Wilcoxon signed ranks test with a population of only 11 individuals D) We reject H 0 in favor of H 1, which states the median difference in pain scores before and after treatment are not equal because 44 is greater than the critical value 10 for a Wilcoxon signed ranks test with a population of only 11 individuals

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1. A new drug for pain relief is being tested within a given palliative care population. The new drug is being compared to an already

1. A new drug for pain relief is being tested within a given palliative care population. The new drug is being compared to an already approved pain relief drug that is commonly used in providing palliative care to patients who experience chronic severe pain. Assume the patients are asked to rate the pain on a scale from 1 to 10, and the data presented below was obtained from a small study designed to compare the effectiveness of the two drugs. Set up and interpret the results of a Mann-Whitney U test with an alpha of .05.

Pain Rating as Reported by Patients

Old Drug13346

New Drug12337

Old Drug

New Drug

Total Sample

(Ordered Smallest to Largest)

Ranks

Old Drug

New Drug

Old Drug

New Drug

R₁=

R₂=

A) We fail to reject H₀, which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 10.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

B) We fail to reject H₀, which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 14.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

C) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 10.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

D) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 14.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

2. A new chemotherapy drug is released to treat leukemia and researchers suspect that the drug may have fewer side effects than the most commonly used drug to treat leukemia. The two drugs have equivalent efficacy. In order to determine if a larger study should be conducted to look into the prevalence of side effects for the two drugs, set up a Mann-Whitney U test at the alpha equals .05 level and interpret its results.

Number of Reported Side-Effects

Old Drug 01335

New Drug00124

Old Drug

New Drug

Total Sample

(Ordered Smallest to Largest)

Ranks

Old Drug

New Drug

Old Drug

New Drug

R₁=

R₂=

A) We fail to reject H₀, which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 16.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

B) We fail to reject H₀, which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 8.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

C) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 16.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

D) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 8.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

3. A new medication is being developed to treat severe morning sickness in pregnant women. The information below was generated from a small sample size (n = 6) and shows the number of times a woman with morning sickness vomited both before and after treatment. Set up and interpret the results of a sign test at the alpha equals .05 level to determine if there is a difference in symptoms before and after treatment.

Pregnant Woman

Before Treatment

After Treatment

Difference

Sign

A) We fail to reject H₀, which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are equal because 1 is greater than the critical value 0 for a sign test with a population of only 6 individuals.

B) We fail to reject H₀, which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are equal because 5 is greater than the critical value 0 for a sign test with a population of only 6 individuals.

C) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are not equal because 1 is greater than the critical value 0 for a sign test with a population of only 6 individuals.

D) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are not equal because 5 is greater than the critical value 0 for a sign test with a population of only 6 individuals.

4. A new medication is being developed to treat severe nausea and vomiting among chemotherapy patients. The information below was generated from a small sample size (n = 11) and shows the number of times a chemotherapy patient vomited both before and after treatment due to the side effects of chemotherapy. Set up and interpret the results of a sign test at the alpha equals .05 level to determine if there is a difference in symptoms before and after treatment.

Chemotherapy Patient

Before Treatment

After Treatment

Difference

Sign

A) We fail to reject H₀, which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are equal because 1 is less than the critical value 2 for a sign test with a population of only 11 individuals.

B) We fail to reject H₀, which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are equal because 10 is greater than the critical value 2 for a sign test with a population of only 11 individuals.

C) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are not equal because 1 is less than the critical value 2 for a sign test with a population of only 11 individuals.

D) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the median difference in the number of vomiting episodes in a day before and after treatment are not equal because 10 is greater than the critical value 2 for a sign test with a population of only 11 individuals.

5. A researcher is conducting a study on the palliative care of patients at a specific facility to determine how their chronic pain symptoms change after entering the palliative care environment. This study is aimed at determining the effectiveness of a standardized treatment protocol for the patients entering into the palliative care environment. To do this, the researcher is comparing the pain scores of individuals before treatment and after treatment. Set up a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and interpret it at the alpha equals .05 level.

Patient

Before Treatment

After Treatment

Value of Differences

Ordered Absolute Values of Differences

Ranks

Sign Rank

A) We fail to reject H_0, which states the median difference in the pain scores before and after treatment are equal because 1 is less than the critical value 10 for a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test with a population of only 11 individuals.

B) We fail to reject H_0, which states the median difference in the pain scores before and after treatment are equal because 45 is greater than the critical value 44 for a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test with a population of only 11 individuals.

C) We reject H₀in favor of H_1, which states the median difference in pain scores before and after treatment are not equal because 1 is less than the critical value 10 for a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test with a population of only 11 individuals.

D) We reject H₀in favor of H_1, which states the median difference in pain scores before and after treatment are not equal because 44 is greater than the critical value 10 for a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test with a population of only 11 individuals.