1. A scale that lists a number of traits and a range of performance for each. 2. Predetermined percentages of ratees are placed in various performance categories. 3. An appraisal method that aims to combine the benefits of narratives, critical incidents, and quantified ratings by anchoring a quantified scale with specific narrative examples of good and poor performance. 4. Free form report of performance. May take form of performance improvement plan. 5. Keeping a record of uncommonly good or undesirable examples of an employee's work-related behaviour and reviewing the list with the employee at predetermined times. 6. For each trait, list all possible pairs of employees, for each pair, indicate "+" for the higher ranked employee, "-" for the lower ranked, rank employees by trait based on number of "+" scores