1. Assume 51 and 114 are signed 8-bit decimal integers stored in twos complement format. Calculate 51 + 114 using saturation arithmetic. The result should be written in decimal. Show your work. (Note: saturating arithmetic means that when a calculation overflows, the result is set to the largest positive number or most negative number, mostly used for media operating.)

2. Consider three different processors P1, P2, and P3 executing the same instruction set. P1 has a 3.0 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.5. P2 has a 2.7 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 0.9. P3 has a 4.0 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.6. a. Which processor has the highest performance expressed in instructions per second? b. If the processors each execute a program in 10 seconds, find the number of cycles. c. We are trying to reduce the execution time by 40% but this leads to an increase of 20% in the CPI. What clock rate should we have to get this time reduction?