1) Brainstorm a list of ways you can get to class each day. Dont be afraid to include methods that dont seem currently plausible (e.g., teleportation) since that may trigger other ideas for you.

2) Brainstorm a list of ways to study for an exam. Include when, what, where, and how long to study.

3) A company received a complaint from a customer that she bought their product but the box it was supposed to be in was empty. The company then installed an x-ray machine on the assembly line and staffed it with two workers to make sure that no more empty boxes escaped detection. How would you solve this problem using the KISS principle?

4) NASA spent $12 million to develop an ink pen that would write in zero gravity and in a wide range of temperatures. How would you solve this problem using the KISS principle?

5) To test the design ability of an engineering student a professor filled a bathtub with water and then offered the student a teaspoon, a cup, and a bucket to empty the tub. How would you use the KISS principle to empty the tub?

6) Develop a new decision matrix for Example 23.4 (Table 23.2) by adding Low cost to the list of criteria and change the weighting factors as follows: Drives well - 0.15; Putts well - 0.20; Loader is robust - 0.15; Easy to transport - 0.05; Easy to manufacture - 0.25; Low cost - 0.2. Determine your own values for each of the three golf machine concepts.

Example 23.4 Recalling the golfing machines of earlier examples, the three concepts appearing Figures 23.6 through 23.8 have been pro- posed as best fulfilling the design requirements. Evaluate these three concepts by using the previously described procedures for filling out a decision matrix. Driver/Chipper Putter Arm Swings Up to Load Driver (or Putter) Wheel Putts Claw Closesc on Ball Adjustable Length Legs FIGURE 23.6 Concept drawing of the "Cannon." Electric Holst Ball Rolls Down Slide Salad Tongs Grab and Lift Ball Hand Pump Pendulum Puttor - Adjustable Length Legs- FIGURE 23.7 Concept drawing of the Original." Robot Arm for Picking Up and Loading Ball Hand Pump Claw Alr 1/WWW Linear Spring Putter FIGURE 23.8 Concept drawing of the "Robogolfer." Solution: The following design requirements were selected to serve as evaluation criteria: 1. Drives well. 2. Putts well. 3. Ball loader is robust i.e., picks up ball off of all types of terrain). 4. Easy to transport. 5. Easy to manufacture. Low cost, which which usually appears. Hot Selected because all three concepts met the cost requirement and cost was not wolved in the design competition scoring ith these in hand, the decision matrix can be drawn up and weights assigned to each criterion. The drives and ball loader sidered equally important because one cannot work without the other. The drives chips were weighted slightly than the putts because only 43% of all shots taken by golf professionals are putts. Transport is weighted low because actor into scoring Ease of manufacture is always important because of its impact on development times. The ling weights are listed in the decision matrix of Table 232 WL Original Wtx Val Robogolfer Valg WtX Vals 2.00 2.00 Table 23.2 Decision Matrix for Golf Machine Concepts Cannon Evaluation Criteria Val, Wtx Vali Drives well 0.25 9 2 .25 Putts well 0.20 0.80 Loader is robust 0.25 1.50 Easy to transport 0.05 0.45 Easy to manufacture 0.25 1.25 Total 1.0 6.25 0.80 1.50 0.25 1.75 6.30 w ooo Then, proceeding one evaluation criterion at a time, the team analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each concept in the context of the given criterion and assigns corresponding values to each concept in the decision matrix. The results of the analysis following and the values are recorded in Table 23.2. 1. Drives Well All three drivers appear to be promising, given the effectiveness of the notorious potato gun. However, since the Co, tank comes prepressurized and the hand-pumping is subject to a 60-s time limit on preshot preparation, the Cannon is likely to be firing the ball at higher pressures and so should have a greater range. 2. Putts Well The greens at the site of the competition are severely sloped and slow. Therefore, the machines must be capable of executing long putts, or the three machines, the Robogolfer is the most adjustable, since the springs can be easily replaced if the range proves inadequate. On the other hand, the potential energy of gravity powers the other two putters, and it will be difficult to increase starting heights once these machines are built. Therefore, greater risk is associated with these putters 3. Loader is Robust A wide range of lies is possible, from severe slopes to sand and divots. The Cannon and the Original address this issue by using legs that are adjustable in length. The robot arm of the Robogolfer is clearly the most flexible design and requires no setup time. 4. Easy to Transport me rules require that only one student from the team may transport the machine to the next shot location. The Cannon is the easiest to transport because only it has wheels. 5. Easy to Manufacture The robot arm of the Robogolfer stands out as easily the most complicated system on any machine. As a three-degree of freedom mechanism, it requires three independently controlled motors. The Original's loader should be straightforward to manufacture. The salad tongs and the parts for the electric hoist can be easily purchased. 6. Discussion of Results The Robogolfer is the clear winner on points. But, the challenges involved in designing and manufacturing that robotam should make you nervous (unless you have a robotics expert on your team). The decision matrix also revealed that the putters for the Cannon and the Original are weak concepts. If they are replaced by the Robogolfer's linear spring putter, the Original ends up with the most points. The concepts in Figures 23.4 through 23.6 correspond to actual student designs that were designed, man- ufactured, and tested. The Original team (so named because they were the first team to develop an air cannon) won the design competition. They compensated for their weak putter by chipping the long putts and adding a ramp to make the short putts. The Robogolfer team (who had a robotics expert) took! longer to design than the Original and had less time to test. The Cannon had the longest drives and the shortest putts